Rabbi Yehudah ben Tabai, a tanna with (real) smicha, has someone wrongfully executed because he was ignorant of a certain halacha. (The only relevance of this passage to the topic of this article is that it indicates that even tannaim musmachim did not possess perfect knowledge – not even of halacha.)
מכות ה: (ש"ס ווילנא); ז"ל
תניא אמר רבי יהודה בן טבאי אראה בנחמה אם לא הרגתי עד זומם להוציא מלבן של צדוקים שהיו אין העדים זוממין נהרגין עד שיהרג הנדון אמר לו שמעון בן שטח אראה בנחמה אם לא שפכת דם נקי שהרי אמרו חכמים אין העדים זוממין נהרגין עד שיזומו שניהם ואין לוקין עד שיזומו שניהם מיד קבל עליו ר' יהודה בן טבאי שאינו מורה הוראה אלא לפני שמעון בן שטח וכל ימיו של ר' יהודה בן טבאי היה משתטח על קברו של אותו העד והיה קולו נשמע וכסבורין העם לומר קולו של הרוג אמר קולי שלי הוא תדעו למחר הוא מת אין קולו נשמע אמר ליה רב אחא בריה דרבא לרב אשי דלמא בדינא קם בהדיה אי נמי פיוסי פייסיה: עכ"ל
It has been taught: R. Judah b. Tabbai said: 'May I [never] see consolation [of Israel] if I did not have one zomem-witness done to death to disabuse the mind of the Sadducees, who used to say that zomemim [found guilty] were put to death only after the [falsely] accused person had [actually] been executed.' Said Simeon b. Shetah to him: 'May I [never] see consolation [of Israel] if you have not shed innocent blood because the Sages declared that witnesses found to be zomemim are not put to death until both have been proved as such, and are not [juridically] flogged until both have been proved as such.' Forthwith did Judah b. Tabbai take upon himself a resolve never to deliver a decision save in the presence of Simeon b. Shetah. And all through his [remaining] days, Judah b. Tabbai used to go and prostrate himself on the grave of that [slain] witness, and his voice would be heard and people thought that it was the voice of the slain man; but he would tell them, 'It is my voice! You will be convinced when on the morrow of this man's [his own] death his voice will be heard no more'.
Said R. Aha, the son of Raba, to R. Ashi: He might perhaps have answered the summons of the deceased, or else he might have obtained his forgiveness. [translation by H. M. Lazarus in The Babylonian Talmud, Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein, ed., Seder Nezikin Vol. VIII (Shebu`oth–Makkoth-Eduyyoth–Aboth), London: Soncino, 1935]
Saturday, April 29, 2006
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